Which Insects Can Cause Insect Sting Allergy, And What Are The Symptoms?

Several insects belonging to order Hymenoptera are capable of injecting venom into humans and animals by stinging or biting. These insects include honeybees, bumblebees, hornets, wasps, yellow jackets, and fire ants, all of which are currently found in the United States as well as in most other land areas of the globe. Their venom, which they use to kill or paralyze other insects, is composed of proteins and other substances that are capable of causing allergic reactions.

After a sting or bite by any of these insects, a normal response consists of a small, localized area of red-ness and itching. Some patients develop large local skin reactions that may be several inches in diameter and last for several days. These local responses represent a mild form of allergy to insect stings; rarely do these patients develop systemic reactions following future stings. Patients with a greater degree of allergy to insect stings present with systemic symptoms, including hives, throat swelling, wheezing, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and/or a drop in blood pressure.