Several studies have suggested that eating fish and other foods high in omega-3 fatty acids is associated with a reduced risk of developing both early and late age-related macular degeneration.
Omega-3 fatty acids are antioxidants that protect cells from sun, aging, or environmental damage. Studies have suggested that eating oily fish at least once a week may be associated with a decreased risk of macular degeneration. Eating two servings of fish per week may provide an even higher protective benefit.
Additional benefits to eating such fish include potential decreased risk of cancers and perhaps even some forms of heart disease.
As the answer to this question is not clearly known, the AREDS II trial is evaluating the benefit of omega-3 fatty acids with respect to macular degeneration.
Omega-3 fatty acids are found in oily cold water fish like salmon, trout, and tuna. Flax seeds and walnuts are also rich in omega-3 fatty acids.