ACE inhibitors and vasodilators expand blood vessels, thereby allowing the heart to function more efficiently. Before discussing what ACE inhibitors are, it is appropriate to discuss what ACE is. ACE stands for angiotensin-converting enzyme. As you could assume from its name, ACE is an enzyme in the blood that converts a protein called angiotensin into an active form.
Activated angiotensin causes the blood vessels in the body to constrict, which raises the blood pressure. Angiotensin also causes the body to release aldosterone, a substance that causes our kidneys to retain sodium and fluid, causing edema. By blocking the conversion of angiotensin to its active form, ACE inhibitors decrease blood pressure.
ACE inhibitors have been found to decrease or prevent the changes in the heart muscle that occur after heart muscle injury such as a heart attack. Some patients, especially those who develop heart muscle damage in the anterior wall of the heart, develop late swelling or dilation (called heart remodeling by cardiologists) in the left ventricle. This dilation significantly increases morbidity and reduces survival rate.
Treating these patients early with ACE inhibitors has been demonstrated to slow the progression of left ventricular enlargement and reduce morbidity and mortality. When treated with ACE inhibitors, patients experience less heart dilation. A number of large-scale clinical trials have been completed that document the efficacy of such intervention. ACE inhibitors are also prescribed for certain kinds of kidney problems, especially if you have diabetes. Examples of common ACE inhibitors:
Generic Name Brand Name
benazepril Lotensin
captopril Capoten
enalapril Vasotec
fosinopril Monopril
lisinopril Prinivil
quinapril Accupril